Question 1:
Write answers to the following questions in your own words.
(a) Why is the weight of the same object different on different planets?
(b) What precautions will you take to make accurate measurements in day-to-day affairs?
(c) What is the difference between mass and weight?
ANSWER:
(a) Weight of an object, W is given as
W=mgW=mg
where, m = mass of the object and g = acceleration due to gravity of a place
We know that acceleration due to gravity is different at different planets. Hence, the weight of same object differs on different planets.
(b) Precautions to be take to make accurate measurements in day-to-day affairs are
The device used for measurement should be appropriate and properly working.
The device should be used properly.
It should be checked that the device in use should have stamp of standardization by the department of weights and measure.
3-4 readings should be taken for achieving accuracy in measurement
Question 2:
Who is my companion ?
Group 'A' Group 'B'
(1) Velocity (a) litre
(2) Area (b) kilogram
(3) Volume (c) metre/second
(4) Mass (d) kilogram/cubic metre
(5) density (e) square metre
ANSWER:
Group 'A' Group 'B'
(1) Velocity (c) metre/second
(2) Area (e) square metre
(3) Volume (a) litre
(4) Mass (b) kilogram
(5) Density (d) kilogram/cubic metre
Question 3:
Explain giving examples.
(a) Scalar quantity
(b) Vector quantity
ANSWER:
(a) A quantity which has only magnitude and no direction is known as scalar quantity. Distance, work, speed, time, energy, etc. are all scalar quantities. These quantities can be expressed completely by their magnitude alone.
(b) A quantity which has magnitude as well as direction is known as vector quantity. Force, velocity, displacement, etc. are all vector quantities. These quantities are expressed completely only when their directions are defined along with their magnitude.
Question 4:Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.
ANSWER:
Various types of errors can occur while taking measurement. These are as follows:
Instrumental errors: These errors arise when the instrument used for measurement has become faulty. For eg, ruler with rough and broken edge can cause instrumental error.
Observational errors: These errors arise when the reading in the instrument is noted incorrectly. These can also arise if the instrument is used in incorrect method. For example, if the tip of pencil does not coincide with zero of the scale, then we will get error in measurement of length of pencil.
Theoretical errors: These are caused by simplification of the model system. For example, a theory states that the temperature of the system surrounding will not change the readings taken when it actually does, then this factor will begin a source of error in measurement.
Environmental errors: These errors arises due to the instruments working getting affected due to some environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, etc.
Question 5:
Give reasons.
(a) It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units.
(b) It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.
ANSWER:
(a) It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units because these are not reliable and unique. These units of measurement vary from person to person.
(b) Because of difference in physical conditions from place to place, the reference chosen as units for weights and measures varies. So, it becomes necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.
Question 6:Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.
ANSWER:
We need not be very accurate every time we take a measurement. The degree of accuracy in measurements vary according to the situations. For example,
when someone asks about the time of the day, we do not have to be specific up to the seconds of time, because there is no need to be that accurate in the given situation. On the other hand, for laboratory purposes or for scientific experiments, we have to measure the time even up to milliseconds accurately.
while measuring mass of precious substances, such as gold, silver, etc., we need to be accurate in our measurement.
in competitions and events, a difference of second can make you lose or win the game. Thus, accurate time measurement in such cases is very important.
shopping in our day to day life, like for groceries, milk, flour etc. requires lot of alertness at our part so that we do not get cheated. We should always check whether the measurement is done properly or not by the vendors selling these products.
The devices used for accurate measurement are:
For time measurement, stop watch can be an accurate device
For mass measurement, electronic balance can be an accurate device.
For length measurement, ruler or measuring tape can be the accurate devices.
For temperature measurement, thermometers can be an accurate device
Credit: www.meritnation.com
