Ch.03 . Diversity in living things and their classification

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Question 1:

Match the pairs.

A Group	B Group
(a) Amphibian	(1) A Monkey
(b) Vertebrate	(2) A Snake
(c) With scales	(3) A Frog

ANSWER:

A Group	B Group
(a) Amphibian	(3) A Frog
(b) Vertebrate	(1)A Monkey
(c) With scales	(2) A Snake

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Question 2:

Who is the odd one out ?
(a) Fungus, mushroom, chrysanthemum, spirogyra
(b) Mango, banyan, palm, chick pea
(c) Grape, orange, lemon, hibiscus
(d) Sunflower, banyan, jowar, bajra
(e) Guava, radish, carrot, beetroot
(f) Deer, fish, man, worms

ANSWER:

(a) Fungus, mushroom, chrysanthemum, spirogyra- Chrysanthemum is the odd one out because it is a flowering plant whereas rest of them are non flowering.

(b) Mango, banyan, palm, chick pea- Chick pea is the odd one out because it is a type of herb whereas rest of them are types of trees.

(c) Grape, orange, lemon, hibiscus- Grape is the odd one out because it is a climber while rest of them are shrubs.

(d) Sunflower, banyan, jowar, bajra- Banyan is the odd one out because it is a perennial plants whereas rest of them are annual plants.

(e) Guava, radish, carrot, beetroot- Guava is the odd one out because it is a perrenial plant whereas rest of them are biennial plants.

(f) Deer, fish, man, worms- Worm is the odd one out because it is an invertebrate whereas rest of them are vertebrates.

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Question 3:

What is the difference ?
(a) Flowering plants – non-flowering plants
(b) A tree – a shrub
(c) Vertebrates – invertebrates

ANSWER:

a. 

Flowering Plants	Non-flowering Plants
They have flowers and produce seeds and fruits.	They do not produce flowers, seeds, and fruits
They have structures like roots, stems and leaves.	They amy or may not have structures like roots, stems and leaves.
Ex- Tulip and Mango	Ex- Ferns and Mosses

b. 

Trees	Shrubs
1. Plants which grow very tall and have strong, hard stems or trunks are called trees.	Plants which grow upto a medium height are called shrubs.
2. They have branches which are at some height above the ground.	They have branches which are very close to the ground.
3. Mango tree, neem tree etc.	Oleander, hibiscus etc.

c. 

Vertebrates	Invertebrates
They have a backbone made up of vertebrae.	They do not have a backbone.
They can be cold blooded or warm blooded.	They are always cold blooded.
They have a well developed brain.	They do not have a well developed brain.
Example: frog and lizard	Example: Earthworm and snail

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Question 4:

True or false ?
(a) The snail is an aquatic animal.
(b) Amphibians can live in air and in water.
(c) The function of the brain is well developed in vertebrate animals.
(d) The amoeba is a multicellular animal.

ANSWER:

(a) The snail is an aquatic animal.- False
(b) Amphibians can live in air and in water.- False
(c) The function of the brain is well developed in vertebrate animals.- True
(d) The amoeba is a multicellular animal.- False

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Question 5:

Write two names of each.
(a) A flowering plant
(b) A non-flowering plant
(c) A tree
(d) A shrub
(e) A creeper
(f) An annual plant
(g) A biennial plant
(h) A perennial plant

ANSWER:

(a) A flowering plant- Rose and lotus
(b) A non-flowering plant- Ferns and mosses
(c) A tree- Mango and neem
(d) A shrub- Lemon and henna
(e) A creeper- Money plant and cucumber
(f) An annual plant- Marigold and corn
(g) A biennial plant- Carrots and parseley
(h) A perennial plant- Asparagus and artichoke

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Question 6:

Write answers to the following.
(a) What are the parts of a plant ?
(b) What are the functions of the root ?
(c) Why is it necessary to classify living things ?
(d) What are the criteria used to classify living things ?
(e) Tell some characteristics of creepers.
(f) Explain the characteristics of herbs with two examples.
(g) On the basis of which criteria will you classify plants and animals ?
(h) What protects the bodies of animals?

ANSWER:

Ans 6 a. The various parts of a plants are:

• Roots: They absorb water and minerals from the soil and also anchor the plant firmly in the soil.
• Stems: Spread out branches to bear leaves, flowers and fruits, conducts water and minerals to different plant parts and performs functions of storage, support, protection and vegetative propagation.
• Leaf: They are called ‘food factories’ of a plant. They carry out photosynthesis, a process by which they synthesize their food.
• Flower:  In plants, flower is the functional unit concerned with the sexual reproduction of plants.
• Fruits: They have different shapes and contain one or more seeds.

b. The functions of the roots are as follows:

• they help in anchoring the plant to the soil.
• they also help in the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.

c. Importance of classification:

(i) Classification ensures uniformity. All life forms can be studied on a common platform.

(ii) Classification ensures the study of interrelationship between various groups.

(iii) It helps us to study many organisms at same time.

d. Organisms can be classified on the basis of similarities and differences in their structure, their organs and other characteristics.


e. Plants which cannot stand upright, and spread on the ground are called creepers. They show characteristics like:

• their stem is very flexible, soft and green
• it grows rapidly with the help of a support

f. Herbs have the following characteristics:

• they grow upto the size 1-1.5 metres
• they have green and flexible stems
• they can live upto few months or upto two years
• examples of herbs include tulsi, parsley, mint etc.

g. Plants and animals are classified on the basis of different characteritics:

Plants are classified on the basis of 

• height
• shape of stems
• period of life cycle
• habitat

Animals are classified on the basis of:

• cell structure
• vertebral coloumn
• method of reproduction
• habitat

h. There are different mechanisms by which animals protect themselves from danger such as their predators:

• Some organisms are covered by hard shells to protect themselves. For example, garden snail, tortoise etc. have a heard shell which they use to hide themselves under danger conditions.
• Star fish and porcupines have spines on their surface which they can use against their enemies.
• Organisms like chameleon and frogs can change their colours according to the surrounding environment. It is known as chamouflaging.
• Animals which are found in very cold regions have a thick layer of fat under the skin and thick fur to protect them from extreme cold conditions.

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Question 7:

Draw figures.
Draw the figure of a plant to show the parts, namely, the root, stem and leaves in it.

ANSWER: