Friday, July 7, 2023

Std. 8. Force and Pressure

Question 1:

Write the word in the blank space.
A. The SI unit of force is_________ (Dyne, Newton, Joule)
B. The air pressure on our body is equal to __________ pressure (Atmospheric, sea bottom, space)
C. For a given object, the buoyant force in liquids of different ________ is__________ (the same, density, different, area)
D. The SI unit of pressure is_______ (N/m, N/m2, kg/m2, pa/m2

ANSWER:

A. The SI unit of force is Newton.
B. The air pressure on our body is equal to atmospheric pressure.
C. For a given object, the buoyant force in liquids of different density is different.
D. The SI unit of pressure is N/m2.

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Question 2:

Make a match 

A group B group
1. Fluida. Higher pressure
2. Blunt knifeb. Atmospheric pressure
3. sharp needlec. Specific gravity
4.Relative densityd. Lower pressure
5. Hecto pascale. Same pressure in all directions

ANSWER:

A groupB group
1. Fluide. Same pressure in all directions
2. Blunt knifed. Lower pressure
3. sharp needlea. Higher pressure
4. Relative densityc. Specific gravity
5. Hecto pascalb. Atmospheric pressure

Page No 22:

Question 3:

Answer the following questions in brief.
A. A plastic cube is released in water.  Will it sink of come to the surface of watet?
B. Why do the load carrying heavy vehicles have large number of wheels?
C. How much pressure do we carry on our heads? why don't we feel it?

ANSWER:

(a) The plastic cube is going to float on the surface of water as its density is less than that of water.

(b) We know, Pressure=ForceArea
So, greater the area of contact between two surfaces, lesser will be the pressure. So, the load carrying heavy vehicles have large number of wheels so that the pressure on the road is reduced due to larger contact area. Also, using large number of wheels ensures that the force due to the load is shared among the tyres and no single tyre is under stress.

(c) We carry atmospheric pressure of about 105 Pa on our heads. We don't feel it because this atmospheric pressure is balanced by the pressure created by the air and blood inside our body. 

Page No 22:

Question 4:

Why does it happen?
A. A ship dips to a larger depth in fresh water as compared to marine water.
B. Fruits can easily be cut with a sharp knife.
C. The wall of a dam is broad at its base.
D. If a stationary bus suddenly speeds up, passengers are thrown in the backward direction.

ANSWER:

A. The density of marine water is more than the fresh water due to which the buoyant force on the ship in marine water is more than the fresh water. Hence, the ship dips to a larger depth in fresh water as compared to marine water.

B. Since the sharp edged knife makes lesser contact with the fruits to be cut, thus the pressure exerted by it on the fruit is very large. Because of this large pressure, fruits are easily cut with a sharp knife.

C. We know pressure of liquid increases with depth. So, the wall of a dam is made broader at its base so that it is able to withstand the heavy pressure exerted by the river water.

D. If a stationary bus suddenly speeds up, passengers are thrown in the backward direction. This is because initially the whole body of a passenger inside the bus was in the state of rest. But, when the bus suddenly starts or speeds up, the lower half of the passenger's body comes in motion in the forward direction but the upper half still remains at rest due to inertia of rest. Hence, the passengers are thrown backward when a stationary bus suddenly speeds up.

Page No 22:

Question 5:

Complete the following tables.

 Mass(Kg) Volume (m3)Density(kg/m3)
  350      175  -
  -  190  4                    
 
Density of Metal (kg/m3) Density of water (kg/m3) Relative Density
     103  5
  8.5×103  103  -                    
 
 weight(N) Area (m2)Pressure(Nm−2)
  -    0.04  20,000
  1500  500  -     

ANSWER:

We know, Density=MassVolume
So, using above formula, we can find one quantity if other two quantities are given.

 Mass (kg) Volume (m3)Density (kg/m3)
  350      175  2
  760  190  4                    
 
We know, Relative density of substance=Density of substanceDensity of water
So, using above formula, we can find one quantity if other two quantities are given.
Density of Metal (kg/m3) Density of water (kg/m3)Relative Density
  5×1031035
  8.5×1031038.5

We know, Pressure=ForceArea
So, using above formula, we can find one quantity if other two quantities are given. 
 Weight (N) Area (m2)Pressure (N m−2)
  800  0.04  20,000
  1500  500  3

Page No 22:

Question 6:

The density of a metal is 10.8×103 kg/m3. Find the relative density of the metal.

ANSWER:

Given:
Density of metal = 10.8×103 kg/m3
We know, density of water = 1000 kg/m3
Relative density of substance =Density of substanceDensity of water
Relative density of substance =10.8×1031000=10.8

Page No 22:

Question 7:

Volume of an object is 20 cm3 and the mass in 50 g. Density of water is 1 g cm-3. Will the object float on water or sink in water?

ANSWER:

Given:
Volume of object = 20 cm3
Mass of object = 50 g
Density of object = Mass of objectVolume of object=5020=2.5 g/cm3
Now, we know density of water = 1 g/cm3
Since, density of object > density of water, therefore the object is going to sink in water.

Page No 22:

Question 8:

The volume of a plastic covered sealed box is 350 cm3 and the box has a mass 500 g. Will the box float on water or sink in water? what will be the mass of water displaced by the box?

ANSWER:

Given:
Volume of box = 350 cm3
Mass of box = 500 g
Density of object = Mass of objectVolume of object=500350=1.43 g/cm3
Now, we know density of water = 1 g/cm3
Since, density of box > density of water, therefore the object is going to sink in water.
Now, volume of liquid displaced = Volume of the object = 350 cm3
Mass of liquid displacedDensity of liquid displaced= 350 cm3Mass of liquid=350×1=350 g 


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